Although cataracts are very common in adults — Cataracts in newborns and children are relatively rare and require specialized care.

Cataracts form when the naturally clear lens within the eye becomes cloudy. Vision can be minimal to severely affected by the opacity depending upon the size, density, and location of the opacities within the crystalline lens.

The concern is given to the newborn with what is commonly termed ‘congenital cataracts’. This lens opacification which can affect one or both eyes is not necessarily hereditary although at times there is a family history of this disorder. Occasionally, congenital cataracts may be a manifestation of more significant eye disease or systemic metabolic disorders. The Pediatric ophthalmologist will be able to determine whether or not further testing is required after examining a child with cataracts.

During the very early weeks of life, there is an enormous amount of maturation of the nervous system and visual pathways. If the eyes are not appropriately stimulated the visual processing systems in the brain will not develop. Once the critical period has passed, the development of “normal” vision may not be possible. Children with significant congenital cataracts are usually recommended to undergo surgery before the age of six weeks.

How is Paediatric Cataract Surgery Different from adult cataract surgery?

The surgical process of cataract removal involves microscopic extraction of the cloudy lens while the eye is in its normal position. Once the opacity has been removed an artificial lens may be inserted in the lens capsule from where the opacity was removed. It is different from adults because an opening is required in the posterior capsule also to keep the visual axis clear. If the intraocular lens is not inserted, then soon after surgery the child will be fit for a special contact lens which the parents will be trained how to care for, or glasses will be dispensed. Following surgery, amblyopia treatment is commonly needed to correct any laziness of vision induced by the cataract. Cataract extraction of the pediatric age group is a complicated surgical procedure involving specialized planning pre-operatively, complex intra-operative skills, and post-operative care.